非洲产量最高的经济作物是什么?

 

 

 

农业占撒哈拉以南非洲经济的近20%,这一比例高于全球任何其他地区。

从尼日利亚到横跨东非大裂谷的肥沃土地,非洲大陆拥有 60% 的世界未开垦的耕地.

鉴于农业在整个地区的巨大作用,这张来自扎伊纳布·阿约迪梅吉显示了非洲产量最高的经济作物及其在全球总产量中所占的份额。

 

非洲排名前 20 位的经济作物

经济作物,如咖啡或大米,是为可销售市场而生产的作物。

来自联合国粮食及农业组织企业统计数据库(粮农组织统计数据库),以下是非洲产量最高的经济作物:

 

经济作物 2019年产量 占世界产量的百分比
木薯 192.1米 63%
甘蔗 97.3米 5%
玉米 81.9米 7%
山药 72.4米 97%
稻田 38.8米 5%
高粱 28.6米 49%
大米、稻谷(大米碾米当量) 25.9米 5%
红薯 27.9米 30%
小麦 26.9米 4%
芭蕉 26.7米 64%
土豆 26.5米 7%
新鲜蔬菜 22.0米 7%
油棕果 21.9米 5%
西红柿 21.7米 12%
香蕉 21.5米 18%
带壳花生 16.6米 34%
甜菜 14.3米 5%
洋葱,干 13.9米 14%
小米 13.7米 48%
橘子 9.8米 12%

 

木薯,也称为尤卡,是产量最高的经济作物。非洲的木薯年产量近200亿吨,占全球木薯产量的绝大部分(63%)。

虽然木薯在西方世界并不为人所知,但它们养活了全球 800 亿人。木薯是一种重要的根茎类蔬菜,与土豆具有相似的用途。

甘蔗、玉米和山药也是重要的经济作物。

值得注意的是,非洲的山药产量占全球总量的97%。西非被称为“山药带”,包括尼日利亚、加纳、贝宁和科特迪瓦。山药种植带有60多万人直接或间接参与其生产,山药种植是该地区经济活力的重要组成部分。

 

农业占GDP的构成:按地区

虽然农业在非洲的GDP中发挥着重要作用,但它在世界其他地区发挥着什么作用?

与撒哈拉以南非洲一样,农业是南亚经济的重要组成部分。印度生产近24%的大米而孟加拉国的产量占全球总产量的7%以上。与此同时,全球超过14%的小麦供应也来自印度。

另一方面,农业仅占北美GDP的1%。美国的农场数量在 1930 年代达到顶峰,到 7 年从近 2 万急剧下降到 2020 万。

 

非洲经济作物的未来

尽管非洲农业部门规模庞大,但生产力仍存在瓶颈。

鉴于这些挑战,几个技术手段有可能提高农民的水平。例如,精密技术测量降雨量、土壤信息和土壤生产力。同时,遥感技术可以提供有关天气和气候的信息。

再加上世界上大部分未开垦的耕地,为经济作物的未来发展提供了重要机遇。据估计,谷物和谷物产量有可能增加三倍。

 

What are the Most Produced Cash Crops in Africa?

What are the Most Produced Cash Crops in Africa? Published 2 years ago on April 27, 2022

By Zainab Ayodimeji green checkmark icon Featured Creator

Article/Editing: Dorothy Neufeld

 

Agriculture makes up nearly 20% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s economy—a higher percentage than any other region worldwide.

From Nigeria to the fertile land across the East African Rift Valley, the continent is home to 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land.

Given the massive role of agriculture across the region, this infographic from Zainab Ayodimeji shows the most produced cash crops in Africa and their share of total global production.

 

The Top 20 Cash Crops in Africa

Cash crops, such as coffee or rice, are crops that are produced for a salable market.

With data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), here are the most produced cash crops in Africa:

Show  entries

Search:

 

Cash Crop Tonnes Produced 2019 % of World Production
Cassava 192.1M 63%
Sugar cane 97.3M 5%
Maize 81.9M 7%
Yams 72.4M 97%
Rice, paddy 38.8M 5%
Sorghum 28.6M 49%
Rice, paddy (rice milled equivalent) 25.9M 5%
Sweet potatoes 27.9M 30%
Wheat 26.9M 4%
Plantains 26.7M 64%
Potatoes 26.5M 7%
Fresh vegetables 22.0M 7%
Oil palm fruit 21.9M 5%
Tomatoes 21.7M 12%
Bananas 21.5M 18%
Groundnuts, with shell 16.6M 34%
Sugar beet 14.3M 5%
Onions, dry 13.9M 14%
Millet 13.7M 48%
Oranges 9.8M 12%

Showing 1 to 20 of 20 entries

PreviousNext

Cassava, also referred to as yuca, is the most produced cash crop by a wide margin. With nearly 200 million tonnes of it produced annually, Africa’s production of cassava makes up a majority (63%) of the global total.

While cassavas are not well known in the Western world, they feed 800 million people globally. Cassavas are an essential root vegetable that has similar uses to potatoes.

Sugar cane, maize, and yams are also significant cash crops.

Notably, Africa’s yam production is 97% of the global total. West Africa is known as the “yam belt,” covering Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, and Côte d’Ivoire. With over 60 million people across the yam belt directly or indirectly involved in its production, yam cultivation is an important component of the region’s economic vitality.

 

Agriculture Composition of GDP, by Region

While agriculture plays a significant role in Africa’s GDP, what role does it play across other regions around the world?

Like Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is a major part of South Asia’s economy. India produces nearly 24% of rice around the world, while Bangladesh produces over 7% of total global production. Meanwhile, over 14% of the global wheat supply is also produced by India.

On the other hand, agriculture makes up just 1% of North America’s GDP. The number of farms in the U.S. peaked in the 1930s and has sharply declined from almost 7 million to 2 million in 2020.

 

The Future of Africa’s Cash Crops

Despite Africa’s expansive agriculture sector, there remain bottlenecks to productivity.

In light of these challenges, several technological advances have the potential to improve farmers’ bottom lines. For instance, precision technology measures rainfall, soil information, and soil productivity. At the same time, remote sensing technology can provide information on weather and climate.

This, coupled with the majority of the world’s uncultivated arable land, presents a significant opportunity for cash crops going forward. By one estimate, cereal and grain production has the potential to increase threefold.